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Many See Infidelity as Ultimate Betrayal of Trust, but Some Overcome It

The Emotional Fallout of Infidelity

When Fiona had an affair after 10 years of marriage, she never imagined the ramifications of her actions.

“It all seemed harmless at first”

“My husband and I had been arguing a lot and weren’t as intimate as I wanted to be,” says Fiona, a 40-year-old Corona del Mar writer. “The new person was really interested in me and didn’t hassle me like my husband.”

After Fiona confessed, the couple agreed to try working things out. But her husband couldn’t contain his anger. “Even though we needed to go our separate ways, what I regret most is my betrayal of his trust,” she says.

The Impact of Betrayal

Many married people and singles in committed relationships see infidelity as the ultimate betrayal, according to Janet Whitney, a marriage and family counselor at Coastline Counseling in Newport Beach.

“When someone has an affair, it takes the specialness away from the marriage relationship and cheapens everything,” says Whitney. “Only those individuals who acknowledge they have a problem and get help can overcome what happened. Yet, a scar always remains.”

The Biggest Casualty: Trust

Infidelity often results in ongoing trust issues:

  • Victims may constantly question their partner’s honesty.
  • Cheaters may lose confidence in themselves and wonder how they could hurt someone they loved.

Infidelity by the Numbers

National surveys indicate that 30% to 60% of married individuals have had an affair. Whitney says, “Infidelity has balanced out between men and women.”

Why People Cheat

Common reasons individuals enter into affairs include:

  • Coming from a family where infidelity is normalized
  • Lack of chemistry or compatibility with a partner
  • Difficulty with long-term commitment

Regardless of the cause, a discovered affair often leads to a breakup.

Estella’s Story: A Short-Lived Marriage

Estella, a 40-year-old graphic designer from Tustin, thought she found her perfect match. But just one month into the marriage, she discovered notes about her husband meeting other women.

“He admitted to cheating, saying he was bored,” she says. Though she tried to salvage the relationship, they separated after eight months due to his ongoing infidelity.

Recovering and Reflecting

“The first thing I did was ask myself what I’d done wrong,” Estella recalls. “Later, I realized he was just a jerk. But then I had to ask why I picked someone like that.” She eventually sought therapy to rebuild trust in her instincts.

Although the experience happened 11 years ago, she says, “I think I’ll always be more cautious and less trusting.”

Men React Differently

Whitney notes that women tend to blame themselves more often than men following infidelity.

Raymond’s Story: Betrayed by Two People

Raymond, a 34-year-old teacher from Santa Ana, was shocked when his live-in girlfriend and mother of their son announced she was leaving him for his best friend.

“Nothing I’d done warranted that kind of drastic action,” he says. He packed up and left with their son. When she returned and called the police, Raymond complied and returned with the child. They later arranged joint custody.

After her new relationship failed, she asked him to come back—but the damage had already been done.

Mining the Gap : Friends Considerably Younger or Older Have Much to Offer, O.C. Counselors and Others Agree

Age Gap Friendships Offer Insight, Growth, and Lasting Bonds

A Friendship Beyond Generations

When Pati Gosnell, 50, needs fashion advice, she turns to her good friend and employee, Alicia Bugg, 24. Despite the age gap, their friendship flourishes on equal terms.

“We’re on equal footing as far as our friendship,” says Bugg. “Age doesn’t really factor in. We both give each other advice and ideas on a variety of subjects, like any friends would.”

Gosnell agrees, describing their relationship as one built on shared values and meaningful conversations. “We’ve also learned a great deal from one another,” she says.

Learning Across Generations

Gosnell admits this is her first close friendship with someone significantly younger, and the experience has been eye-opening.

“The last person I expected to learn from was someone half my age,” she says. “Alicia has insight and maturity. She’s open and adaptable.”

Expert Insight

Vivian Clecak, a Laguna Hills counselor, explains that people who embrace friendships with different-aged individuals tend to be open-minded and flexible.

  • They avoid stereotypes and welcome diverse life experiences.
  • Younger friends bring inspiration and vitality.
  • Older friends offer wisdom and serve as role models.

However, Clecak notes that such friendships carry vulnerabilities, such as the possibility of loss due to aging or lifestyle changes.

Roger and Nathan: An Intellectual Connection

Roger Angle, 55, has always had friends of different ages. One of his closest is Nathan Rynn, 70, a physics professor. They meet weekly for lunch, engaging in deep conversations despite their age gap.

“My writing and his research are both solitary, creative pursuits,” says Angle. “I admire his integrity and physical fitness.”

Rynn agrees that their shared perspectives on life and social issues have formed a strong foundation for their friendship. He credits Angle with opening him up to more cross-generational relationships.

“I’ve made other younger friends since meeting Roger, and I’m more open to different lifestyles and viewpoints,” says Rynn.

A Working Relationship Turned Friendship

Bugg began working at Regal Flowers at 18. Over time, she became Gosnell’s right hand, learning floral design and business management, while also teaching her mentor about patience and fashion.

“Alicia keeps her cool under pressure and calms me down. She also helped me update my style,” says Gosnell.

Gosnell, in return, offers life advice on finances and relationships. Bugg appreciates the guidance, knowing it’s rooted in experience.

“Pati gives advice I can trust because she’s been through it,” says Bugg.

Despite the initial work connection, the women believe they would be friends in any circumstance.

“We laugh a lot and bring out the best in each other. Our age difference gives our friendship more depth,” says Gosnell.

Mothers and Daughters Letting Go

Breaking Roles and Building Respect: Healing Mother-Daughter Relationships

When Emily Keech’s daughter, Jean, suggested attending a mother-daughter workshop aimed at improving their relationship, Keech, 83, of Tustin, didn’t think it would help.

“As far as I was concerned, our relationship was irreparable,” Keech said. “Jean and I never agreed on anything. Without fail, she’d say ‘black’ and I’d say ‘white.'”

Still, Keech honored her daughter’s request—and to her surprise, the workshop was a turning point.

“I was totally surprised at how we’ve managed to work things out,” she said. “My daughter and I have become much more tolerant. Now instead of constantly battling and criticizing one another, we actually talk.”

The Struggle to See Each Other as Adults

Keech realized a key issue in their relationship was the failure to reach an adult-to-adult dynamic. She continued playing the mother role, and her 60-year-old daughter kept rebelling.

“My biggest mistake was running with a safety net,” she admitted. “From the day your daughter is born, you want to protect her. But it took me a while to realize it was her responsibility and life—I had to let go.”

Why Letting Go Is So Difficult

Not letting go is a common problem for many mothers, says licensed clinical social worker Lynne Conger of Orange Outreach, which offers family counseling and regular mother-daughter workshops.

“Mothers and daughters share a profound bond,” Conger explains. “Being the same gender, they often face similar challenges, and mothers want to spare their daughters pain.”

But, Conger says:

  • It’s essential for daughters to struggle and grow independently.
  • Without separate identities, mothers and daughters can fall into old, unproductive patterns.
  • Unresolved issues with mothers can negatively impact relationships with spouses and children.

Developing Mutual Respect

Jean Braun, Keech’s daughter, agreed that the bond is worth working on.

“She’s the only mother I have,” said Braun, an accountant from Irvine. “Once I started treating her like I treat co-workers—with respect and patience—our relationship improved.”

She added, “We often treat family worse than strangers, expecting they’ll always be there. That’s not fair. Now we see each other as people, not just mother and daughter.”

Lessons Passed to the Next Generation

Now a mother and grandmother herself, Braun enjoys a strong relationship with her daughter.

“We can really talk as adults now,” Braun said. “After she had kids, she started seeing things differently and even asks for advice sometimes.”

Sharing Advice Without Controlling

Braun’s strategy with her daughter is to offer insight without interference:

  • “If I see her heading toward trouble, I share my thoughts as an opinion.”
  • “Once I say my piece, it’s up to her to decide what to do.”

This approach works well for Braun’s daughter, Lisa Cuomo, a 32-year-old stay-at-home mom in Murrieta.

“My mother isn’t a meddler,” Cuomo says. “She doesn’t tell me what to do. I ask for advice sometimes, and it’s always helpful.”

More Women Are Seeking Change

Claudette Varanko, 50, of Westminster, and her daughter, Natalia, were also ready to change their dynamic.

“I wanted to stop being the perpetual mother—it was weighing me down,” said Claudette, a legal nurse consultant. She, too, turned to Orange Outreach for help navigating the transformation.

When to Prune Trees

When to Prune Landscape Trees

Winter is a good time to prune most landscape trees. While pruning can be done at other times, avoid pruning during the spring growth period—from when buds start swelling to when young leaves reach full size. Budding and bloom times vary depending on the species.

In general, avoid pruning landscape trees in mid- to late summer (July through September) unless it’s very light. Summer pruning can trigger off-season growth, making trees like ficus vulnerable to freeze damage. It can also delay or shorten dormancy in deciduous trees and is especially harmful to eucalyptus and pines.

Fruit trees have different pruning needs than landscape trees, and each type should be researched individually.

Pruning Guidelines by Tree Type

Conifers

Prune these trees in November through February:

  • Cedars
  • Cypress
  • Pines
  • Redwoods
  • Eucalyptus

Deciduous Trees

Best pruned during their dormant period after leaf drop—usually November through January:

  • Ash (Fraxinus species)
  • Birch (Betula species)
  • Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
  • Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia)
  • Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis)
  • Fruitless mulberry (Morus alba)
  • Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)
  • Italian alder (Alnus cordata)
  • Maple
  • Sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
  • Sycamore

Flowering Trees

If deciduous, prune when dormant. If evergreen or if they bloom while leafless, prune immediately after flowering:

  • Acacias (various species)
  • Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana)
  • Camellia Japonica
  • Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
  • Cassia
  • Chinese flame tree (Koelreuteria bipinnata)
  • Coral trees (Erythrina species)
  • Crape myrtle
  • Empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa)
  • Firewheel tree (Stenocarpus sinuatus)
  • Jacaranda
  • Lemon bottlebrush (Callistemon citrinus)
  • New Zealand Christmas tree
  • Purple orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)
  • Saucer magnolia (Magnolia soulangiana)
  • Silk tree / Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin)
  • Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
  • Tipu tree (Tipuana tipu)

Broadleaf Evergreens

Best pruned from October to March or in May/June:

  • Bronze loquat (Eriobotrya deflexa)
  • Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
  • Carrot wood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides)
  • Eucalyptus species
  • Kaffir plum (Harpephyllum caffrum)
  • Oaks, including:
    • Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia)
    • Holly oak (Quercus ilex)
  • Olive (Olea europaea)
  • Ornamental figs (Ficus species)
  • Peppermint tree (Agonis flexuosa)
  • Pittosporum species, such as Victorian box (Pittosporum undulatum)
  • Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia)

Love Hurts, and It Should : Broken Hearts Mend Stronger, Say Orange County Therapists and Other Survivors From the Front

The Bittersweet Growth from a Broken Heart

Just about all of us can recall a time when someone took Cupid’s arrow out of our heart and walked away. Whether it was three days or 30 years ago, it’s hard to forget the sound of a heart breaking. After all, trampling elephants are loud.

While most say that breaking a heart isn’t as painful as having someone shatter yours, it can still stir up difficult emotions—especially guilt.

The Emotional Benefits of Heartbreak

Believe it or not, all of this agony is actually good for us, say mental health professionals.

“For the emotionally healthy person, having your heart broken is a necessary part of growth,” says Joanie Heinemann, a therapist at Coastline Counseling Center in Newport Beach.

“If you don’t experience a variety of relationships and have your heart broken and break hearts, I don’t know that you can ever build an intimate, understanding relationship with another person.”

Those who have experienced both sides of heartbreak tend to be sadder but wiser, understanding that how a heart is broken can affect how easily it heals.

Heartbreak in Your 20s and 30s

Broken hearts occur most often in one’s 20s and 30s, particularly between ages 28 to 33 when people often push unsuitable relationships due to ticking biological clocks.

According to Heinemann, “just as many women as men break hearts.”

What We Learn from Heartbreak

  • What we don’t want in a partner
  • The importance of emotional compatibility
  • How to recognize toxic patterns

“Having your heart broken is a wonderful life lesson that toughens your skin and cleans your rose-colored glasses,” says Dave, a 32-year-old communications specialist.

Real Stories of Broken Hearts

Dave’s Story

Dave’s intense relationship ended after he realized he had been changing his personality to fit his partner’s needs. They parted mutually, but the pain remained. He took a road trip to heal and eventually found his soulmate.

Cynthia’s Story

At 18, Cynthia’s heart was broken by a 30-year-old architect. After catching him cheating, she was devastated. Her healing took six months, but subsequent breakups were easier. Her recent heartbreak came from dating a close friend—only to discover the spark wasn’t there.

“Creating great memories is worth the pain in the long run,” she says.

Pat’s Story

Pat, now 33, experienced multiple heartbreaks before finding her husband—who initially broke her heart. She tried various coping methods, from self-help books to meditation and even wine. Eventually, her patience paid off when her now-husband re-evaluated his priorities and returned to her.

Which Hurts More: Being Dumped or Doing the Dumping?

While many say that having your heart broken is more painful than breaking someone else’s, the guilt of ending a relationship can weigh heavily.

“I’m your perpetual nice guy, so breaking up with someone was generally worse for me,” Dave shares.

Tips for Breaking Up the Right Way

Therapists and those who’ve experienced breakups agree on some important dos and don’ts:

Do:

  • Be honest and upfront
  • Use “I” statements
  • Preserve the other person’s dignity and self-esteem
  • Make a clean break

Don’t:

  • Wait until after holidays to break up
  • Ghost or avoid the person
  • Offer false hope for reconciliation

Denise’s Story

Denise, 33, often found herself on the heartbreak-giving side. She emphasizes maintaining the other person’s self-worth during a breakup. However, she regrets ghosting a man she’d been dating—something that still haunts her.

Brian’s Story

After breaking up with two women by abruptly cutting contact, Brian learned the value of honesty when he himself was dumped directly. That experience changed how he viewed past relationships.

Jim’s Story

Jim, 27, had a tough time ending a relationship with someone who became emotionally manipulative. After failed attempts to break things off gently, he eventually had to be blunt to protect his well-being.

Healing Takes Time

“Whether you’re being dumped or doing the dumping, we are really durable creatures,” says Heinemann.

“Let the heartbreak run its course—and if you’re going to do the heart breaking, do it right.”

Burglary Can Leave Emotional Scars : Anger, Fear May Be More Damaging Than Material Loss

SAFE AT HOME: Local Crime Prevention Efforts

Part Three of a Three-Part Series

While Carol Willis enjoyed a vacation at her parents’ house, burglars ransacked her Orange County apartment and took everything of value.

“When I discovered what happened, I was horrified,” said the marketing executive. “Before that, burglaries were just statistics I heard on TV. I never dreamed it could happen to me.”

The Shock of Being Burglarized

Willis’ reaction is common, said Lt. Ross Moen of the West Los Angeles detective division. Despite the 186,000 burglaries reported in Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino counties in 1992, many people never expect it to happen to them. “They are usually very shocked that their safe haven has been invaded,” Moen said.

Emotional Impact Beyond the Loss

For many, the emotional toll of a burglary is worse than the material loss:

  • Violation of privacy: “Your private space has been invaded,” said psychologist Mory Framer of Barrington Psychiatric Center.
  • Loss of safety: “Security has been breached, and people feel violated,” Framer said.
  • Personal intrusion: “People see their home as an extension of themselves,” added Dr. Louis West of UCLA.
  • Gender impact: Women may feel the emotional violation more acutely due to deeper psychological connections to their home environment.

Common Reactions to a Burglary

Emotional responses vary but often include:

  • Helplessness: “You may think no one cares when the police have no leads,” Framer said.
  • Anger: Directed at the thief, the police, society, and oneself.
  • Loss of irreplaceable items: Items with sentimental value, such as jewelry or family heirlooms, can be especially painful to lose.
  • Fear and anxiety: Many victims struggle with sleep and feel unsafe at home.

A Personal Story: Multiple Break-ins

Carol Willis experienced three more burglaries after her initial one. “It was the later break-ins that really hurt because they took jewelry with sentimental value,” she said. She now keeps all valuables in a safe deposit box.

Fear and Long-Term Effects

“It’s very frightening to have your sense of security breached,” Framer said. Victims may:

  • Feel unsafe
  • Have trouble sleeping
  • Remain hyper-vigilant for months

“You’ve been intruded upon, and it’s OK to feel badly,” Framer emphasized.

What to Do After a Burglary

  • Don’t make drastic decisions: Avoid moving immediately—give it time.
  • Take preventive action: Educate yourself and get involved in community safety efforts.
  • Contact local police: Invite them to speak about burglary prevention.
  • Join or start a Neighborhood Watch: This builds community support and reduces crime.
  • Don’t overreact: Taking precautions is empowering, but don’t isolate yourself or live in fear.

Realities of Crime

Even when precautions are taken, burglaries can happen again. “There is no absolute immunity,” Framer warned. Willis moved to a better neighborhood, but was burglarized again. “I thought I’d done everything right, but it kept happening,” she said.

When to Seek Professional Help

Amy Stark, a Santa Ana psychologist, suggests getting help if you answer “yes” to two or more of these questions:

  • Do you have chronic insomnia?
  • Have you lost your appetite?
  • Is it hard to perform daily functions?
  • Are you frequently agitated or anxious?
  • Do you have recurring nightmares?
  • Are you using alcohol or drugs for comfort?
  • Are you too frightened to leave the house?

When Your Neighbors Are Burglarized

Mory Framer says it’s normal to feel relief that it wasn’t you. But don’t distance yourself—support your neighbor instead:

  • Stay connected: Avoid isolating your neighbor or blaming them.
  • Offer help: Clean up, bring food, or offer emotional support.
  • Don’t minimize: Acknowledge their emotional pain.
  • Take action: Work together to improve neighborhood security.

Explaining a Break-In to Your Children

Helping children process a burglary requires sensitivity:

  • Let them ask questions: Repetition is part of how they process trauma.
  • Reinforce safety: Show them new locks or alarm systems and explain how they work.
  • Expect sleep issues: Sleeping in your bed for a few nights is okay.
  • Manage your emotions: Talk to another adult about your fears—not your children.
  • Set an example: Children recover more easily when they see you coping well.

Since her marriage seven years ago, Willis hasn’t been burglarized again. But the fear remains. “Every time I lock up, I think about it,” she says.

Dried and Gone to Heaven

Dried and Gone to Heaven

August 28, 1993 | JULIE BAWDEN DAVIS | SPECIAL TO THE TIMES

Fresh flowers with an afterlife, dried flowers are gaining new respect for their versatility as well as staying power. They impart their own particular look to a room and are being used in a wide range of interior designs from the most modern to the most traditional.

The Growing Popularity of Dried Flowers

Dried flowers hit the design scene a couple of years ago and have continued to grow in popularity. RoxAnn Johnson, an Orange-based interior designer and owner of Faux Foliage & Florals, says:

“People like dried flowers for many reasons. While fresh flowers are wonderful, they don’t last long and are seasonal. A dried arrangement can brighten up a house in the middle of winter when there isn’t much in the garden.”

In addition, dried flowers are more eco-friendly. “Unlike silks, when you dispose of dried flowers, they naturally decompose, which is important in this age of environmental awareness,” Johnson adds.

Techniques for Drying Flowers

Drying flowers and foliage requires experimentation and patience. There are three basic and relatively simple approaches:

  • Air drying
  • Glycerin absorption
  • Silica gel crystals

Each of these methods works best for different types of plants. While there are few hard and fast rules, the results always vary somewhat, just like flowers themselves!

Flowers and Plants Ideal for Drying

Many gardeners love drying flowers because it allows them to preserve some of their favorites. Doris Loeffler, a Villa Park gardener, shares her enthusiasm:

“It’s really exciting to cut beautiful flowers and then wait to see how they will dry. It’s also a lot of fun to see flowers you grew in your garden on display indefinitely in your home.”

Loeffler’s favorite flower for drying is statice, which remains bright and vivid in color. Other great choices include:

  • Roses (especially two-toned varieties)
  • Larkspur
  • Queen Anne’s lace
  • Lavender
  • Coreopsis
  • Gaillardia red plum
  • Sunflowers
  • Wax flower
  • Strawflower
  • Heather
  • Baby’s breath
  • Mustard
  • Yarrow
  • German statice

Herbs like marjoram, oregano, mint, and poppy pods are also excellent for drying. Dried fruits and vegetables, such as apricots, onions, apples, and pomegranates, can be great additions to floral arrangements.

Considerations When Drying Flowers

Before cutting flowers from your garden, be aware that their appearance will change once dried. For example, rose heads shrink and change color:

  • Deep red roses turn dark grape
  • White and pink roses become pale yellow
  • Yellow roses turn mustard-colored

Using Dried Flowers in Home Decor

Dried flowers are versatile and fit various interior styles. According to RoxAnn Johnson:

“Dried flowers give a friendly atmosphere to any home. They fit in modern and Southwestern decors, and are especially attractive in Victorian, country, and traditional interiors.”

Here are some ideas for using dried flowers in home decor:

  • Entryway or Dining Room: Create an arrangement in a shallow terra-cotta pot with crushed Styrofoam, adding roses, heather, or German statice.
  • Flower Basket: Fill a basket with crushed Styrofoam and a variety of dried flowers. For a country look, add raffia bow.
  • Cut-Flower Basket: Use a large oval basket and arrange flowers as if freshly cut from the garden. Good flowers for this include larkspur, roses, and eucalyptus.

Final Tips for Decorating with Dried Flowers

When using dried flowers, consider your home’s decor. For instance:

  • Roses with baby’s breath are perfect for traditional and Victorian homes.
  • Sunflowers complement a country look.
  • Statice works well in Southwestern designs.
  • Larkspur and dried artichokes can make a stunning addition to contemporary interiors.

Dried flowers can also be used to soften masculine or heavy decor, such as in a bedroom with wood and dark colors.

Conclusion

Whether you’re creating a seasonal display or a permanent decor element, dried flowers offer both beauty and practicality. With proper drying techniques and a bit of creativity, you can enjoy nature’s blooms long after their growing season has passed.

The Relatives Are Coming!

‘Having In-Laws Stay Over is Like an Olympic Competition,’ Says One Hostess

The call comes: Mom, Dad, Aunt Mildred, and Uncle Joe are coming to visit.

“We’ll have so much fun, honey,” Mom says over the phone. “We can all go to Disneyland and the beach! Even Fido’s coming along so the kids will have someone to play with.”

Although you manage to say, “That’s great, Mom,” your head is already aching. Relatives, here, for a week. The house is a wreck, the kids are whining about being bored, and you’ve got tons of work at the office.

Many guests are very welcome, but some are easier to accommodate than others. Even in the best of circumstances, having visitors in the house makes life more hectic.

Challenges of Hosting In-Laws

For the parent of young children, already busy with work and running a household, having guests can feel like one more responsibility. For grandparents who are used to coming and going without considering a child’s needs, the chaos that children bring can be nerve-racking. And for newlyweds trying to get to know their in-laws, having guests can feel a lot like being on trial.

How Personality Affects Hosting Visitors

Whatever your circumstances and whomever is visiting, how well you handle having visitors depends a lot on your personality.

  • “The more easygoing you are, the easier it is to have guests,” says Alexandra Rosenberg, a Newport Beach clinical social worker.
  • “If you are more perfectionistic and controlling, it’s harder to have your routine broken and your space invaded,” she adds.

Even if you’re laid-back, there are some inherent stresses when relatives visit. In some cases, relationships with in-laws can create havoc. In others, family issues may cause friction, says Ron Hirz, a psychiatrist who has been working with individuals and families for over 20 years.

Wendy Vallier’s Experience with In-Laws

Wendy Vallier, a property manager in Anaheim, shares her experience with in-laws who visit twice a year. Her mother-in-law, who is 73, stays for a week, and her husband’s siblings sometimes visit as well.

“Having in-laws stay over is like an Olympic competition,” says Vallier. “A great deal of preparation is required to execute a flawless performance, and through it all, you pray for good marks from the judges—your in-laws. I only wish I had to endure this grueling event every four years.” She says that her mother-in-law expects a lot of attention, which has become increasingly difficult to provide.

Overcoming Family Tension

Vallier also mentions the challenge of not having the familiarity she enjoys with her own family. “There are ongoing family grievances that existed long before you came into the picture,” she says. “For instance, I once said something about my husband’s sister in front of my mother-in-law, and she looked at me as if I had lost my mind.”

Handling In-Law Visits Smoothly

Many people find it especially difficult to manage when in-laws visit because of how courteous they must be. Jeff McMillan, a college professor in Santa Ana, shares that while he likes his girlfriend’s family, he finds it hard to be on his best behavior for extended periods of time.

Secrets to a Successful Visit

Sharon Whatley, a writer in Tustin, believes that the keys to a successful visit are planning ahead and making things as simple as possible:

  • Prepare the guest room, buy household supplies, and cook meals a few days before the guests arrive.
  • Keep meals simple. “Instead of breaking your back trying to meet the standards you see in magazines, realize that the food doesn’t have to be exotic, and the house doesn’t have to be spotless,” says Whatley.

Managing Expectations

Having a proposed schedule that includes free time is a great way to manage expectations, says Hirz. “This gives your guests a chance to get away or rest by themselves, and it gives you a chance to unwind or get things done,” he explains.

If no car is available for your visitors, consider arranging a rental so they can explore on their own, making the visit much less stressful.

Dealing with Difficult Relatives

If you’re dealing with a strained relationship with a visitor, it’s important to establish boundaries. Rosenberg advises gently telling the person that you are an adult and can make your own decisions.

If direct confrontation is not possible, seek the support of others, such as your spouse, to help communicate your boundaries.

Finding the Positive in Challenging Visits

When all else fails, remember that the visit won’t last forever. “There is a part of us that enjoys company,” says Rosenberg. “Let that part come out and play, and you’ll probably have a pretty good time.”

Shapes Don’t Change, but Ways to Get in Shape Do : Everyone is born one of three body types.

All the Wishing and Working Out in the World Can’t Change Your Body Type, But You Can Work with What You’ve Got

We are each born with one of three body types that we must live with all our lives: round and soft, pear-shaped endomorph; muscular, hourglass-shaped mesomorph; or long and lean ectomorph. While many people may have traits from multiple categories, we typically represent one body type more than the others.

How to Identify Your Body Type

To determine your body type, try this simple test: Encircle one wrist with your other hand’s middle finger and thumb. If they don’t touch, you’re likely an endomorph. If they just touch, you’re likely a mesomorph, and if they overlap, you’re likely an ectomorph.

While your body type cannot be changed, many people try mightily to alter it, leading to frustration. Studies show that 75% of people are dissatisfied with some aspect of their appearance, a sentiment echoed by personal trainers and counselors alike.

Common Struggles with Body Image

Despite looking great to others, many people struggle with body dissatisfaction. Media, especially magazines, portray unrealistic body types that many aspire to attain, often leading to frustration and feelings of inadequacy.

As expert Stacy Rae Roberts states, “We’re all ruled by genetics. If your mother has wide hips or your father has a lean upper body, chances are you’ve inherited these traits. Working out will improve your shape but won’t change it.” It’s essential to work with your body, not against it.

Embracing Your Body Type

Here are some tips on how to stay fit and healthy while accepting your body type:

Endomorphs

Endomorphs tend to have round, soft, curvy bodies with more weight distributed at the hips and thighs. They have small to medium-sized bones and shorter limbs relative to their trunks.

  • Famous Endomorphs: Marilyn Monroe, Dolly Parton, John Candy, Roseanne Arnold, and Tom Arnold.
  • Exercise Recommendations: For endomorphs, burning fat is key. Engage in 20-60 minutes of low to moderate-intensity aerobic exercises like swimming, walking, and bicycling three to seven days a week. Additionally, use lower weights and higher repetitions for weight training to create long, lean muscles.

Mesomorphs

Mesomorphs have medium to large bones, with well-defined muscles. They excel at building muscle and often find it easier to stay in shape compared to other body types.

  • Famous Mesomorphs: Demi Moore, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jane Fonda, and Magic Johnson.
  • Exercise Recommendations: To stay lean, mesomorphs should perform 20-60 minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercises such as running, dancing, and jump roping. Strength training with moderate weights and high repetitions is crucial to avoid muscle bulk and maintain lean muscle definition.

Ectomorphs

Ectomorphs are typically lean and long, with a tendency to have trouble building muscle. Their limbs are long, and they often have a high fat-to-muscle ratio.

  • Famous Ectomorphs: Audrey Hepburn, Julia Roberts, Michael Jordan, and Cary Grant.
  • Exercise Recommendations: Ectomorphs should focus on both aerobic exercises (like running or cycling) and strength training with progressively heavier weights to build muscle. Abdominal exercises are also essential to strengthen the lower back and improve posture.

Mental Tips for Embracing Your Body Type

In addition to physical exercise, mental and emotional acceptance of your body type is essential for overall well-being:

  • Accept Yourself: Focus on making your body a wonderful place to live by working with it, not constantly battling against it.
  • Don’t Set Conditions for Acceptance: Self-acceptance should not be contingent on losing weight or achieving a specific body image. Embrace where you are today.
  • Focus on Your Strengths: Regularly look in the mirror and focus on your positive attributes instead of dwelling on perceived flaws.
  • Keep an Image Journal: Write down situations that trigger negative feelings about your body and discuss them with someone. Often, comparing yourself to unrealistic media images can cause undue dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

Understanding and accepting your body type can lead to a healthier mindset and better overall health. By aligning your workouts and mindset with your natural body type, you can become the best version of yourself, both physically and mentally.

Housecleaning Cardio-Exercises Whittle Inches While You Work

Previous generations didn’t think about how it would firm their thighs or strengthen their pectorals, but they stayed in great shape doing it. Long before Stairmasters and aerobics, men and women kept with daily doses of good, old-fashioned housework.

Though times have changed with the introduction of the vacuum and other so-called labor-saving devices, there’s still a lot of benefit to be gotten from household chores.

“Many people don’t realize that you can get a workout cleaning your house or washing your car,” says Kiana Tom of Sunset Beach, who is co-host of the ESPN television show “BodyShaping.”

If you want to work out, but don’t have the time, or would like to augment your current exercise routine, the answer may be in the dust on your tables or the mud on your car.

Exer-Cleaning: Get Fit While Cleaning

To get a good “exer-cleaning” workout, you’ll probably need to change your cleaning methods a little. “When doing cardiovascular work such as vacuuming and dusting, pick up the pace,” Tom says. “Also exaggerate movements more than usual and take more time with some tasks than you might otherwise.”

Cardio-Vacuum

Vacuuming is a high-energy chore that is comparable to brisk walking, says Jerry Tyler, a personal trainer. “Vacuuming not only provides cardiovascular conditioning, but it also works your legs and shoulders.” To cardio-vac effectively:

  • Exaggerate your movements and switch hands frequently to give both sides of your body a comparable workout.
  • Vacuum nonstop for at least 20 minutes to start burning fat.
  • If you need more cardio, try jogging in place after vacuuming.

Deltoid-Dust

Make dusting an aerobic activity that will also work your arms and shoulders. Quickly and briskly dust, using not just your forearm and hand but your entire shoulder. Do circular movements until the muscle starts to burn and then switch arms.

Workout and Wash the Car

Washing the car is a good cardio workout that works your arms if you keep moving. Remember to change arms frequently to balance the workout.

Stair-Climb

If you have stairs, they provide a great workout. Running steps and bleachers is a common training exercise for athletes. Stair work conditions your legs and provides an aerobic workout.

  • Try making several trips up and down the stairs while cleaning.
  • To add variety, do backward and forward lunges off the bottom step.

Strength Training Exercises

Once you’ve completed the cardio-cleaning, it’s time to do some resistance exercises to strengthen muscles.

Firm-and-Tone with the Dishes

When unloading the dishwasher, instead of bending over, do squats. Hold the dishes close to your body, keep your back straight, and lower yourself slowly to a sitting position. Stand up slowly and repeat 20-40 times for a good leg and bottom workout.

Strength-Train with the Groceries

Make a weightlifting session out of bringing in the groceries. Paper bags typically weigh between 8-10 pounds. Carry them close to your chest and perform squats with two or three bags. Perform 15-20 squats per bag.

Upper Body Exercises

Use canned goods or jugs of milk and water to work your upper body. Perform exercises like biceps curls, triceps extensions, and bent-over rows. Repeat each movement 12-15 times to strengthen your arms and chest.

Strengthen Thighs While Polishing the Floor

To work the inner and outer thighs while cleaning, move side to side when vacuuming or mopping the floor. You can even slide across the kitchen floor for a fun workout. Use a slide board to safely strengthen these muscles.

Stretching

Stretching is essential after exer-cleaning. Reach for items and hold the stretch for 30 seconds. Stretching helps prevent injury and improves flexibility.

Additional Tips

  • Exercise at least 20 minutes, three times a week, for cardiovascular health.
  • Weight training can be done once a week to maintain muscle tone.
  • Keep good posture while exer-cleaning, and stop if you experience pain.

Inexpensive equipment, like dumbbells and exercise tubing, can add variety to your exer-cleaning routine. Floor exercises like pushups, sit-ups, and leg lifts are also great additions.

Conclusion

Exer-cleaning is a fun and effective way to incorporate fitness into your daily routine. By combining housework with exercise, you can maintain a healthy lifestyle while keeping your home clean.

Circadian Rhythms Are Nothing to Lose Sleep Over

Understanding Your Body’s Internal Clock: Tips for Better Sleep

Getting a good night’s sleep—or a good day’s sleep if you prefer—is easier when you’re in sync with your body’s internal clock.

Body temperature, exposure to light, and what you eat all affect how your circadian rhythm runs.

While many of us use an alarm clock, research shows that when our bodies are free from time constraints, an internal gauge helps us maintain a natural sleep-wake cycle.

“Researchers have placed people in caves and allowed them to free-run,” says sleep specialist Sarah Mosko, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at St. Joseph Hospital. “Without clocks, participants followed their own sleep-wake patterns.” Some were “night owls,” while others were “larks,” waking up early.

Night owls and larks have different sleep cycles

Studies show that your body temperature influences sleep. “When our body is cooler, we sleep, and when it’s warmer, we’re generally awake,” says Mark Brayford, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Western Medical Center in Anaheim.

Understanding Circadian Rhythms

Night owls and larks tend to sleep the same amount of time, despite different wake-up times. For instance, a lark may sleep from 10 p.m. to 5:30 a.m., while a night owl may sleep from 1 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. On average, people need 7.5 hours of sleep, although the range is between 4 to 10 hours.

Adjusting Your Internal Clock

If you’re looking to change your sleep patterns, start by tracking your circadian rhythm for a week. Record how alert you feel at each hour of the day on a scale from 1 (sleeping) to 10 (very alert). Stick to the same bedtime and wake-up time each day to spot a pattern.

To shift your sleep schedule, begin waking up at your desired time each morning, no matter how much sleep you got the night before. With consistency, your body will adapt over several weeks.

Using Light Therapy to Reset Your Clock

Light exposure plays a crucial role in resetting your circadian rhythm. For earlier wake-ups, expose yourself to bright light in the morning. If you want to stay up later, try light exposure in the afternoon.

  • Use a light box if natural light isn’t available.
  • Start with 20 minutes to two hours of light exposure, depending on the intensity of the light box.

Tips for Maintaining Your Sleep Schedule

Once you’ve reset your sleep schedule, stick to it rigidly. Avoid staying up late unless absolutely necessary, as it can cause you to revert back to old patterns.

Healthy Sleep Practices

  • Practice healthy sleep hygiene: Avoid working or engaging in stimulating activities before bed. Allow your body to wind down.
  • Exercise regularly: But don’t exercise within two hours of bedtime.
  • Eat on a regular schedule: Avoid eating large meals within four to five hours of bedtime.
  • Avoid disruptors: Be mindful of factors like travel and shift work, which can throw off your sleep cycle.

Dealing with Travel and Shift Work

  • Jet lag: Stick to the new time zone, and expose yourself to morning light when traveling east.
  • Shift work: Try to maintain a consistent sleep schedule, sleep in a dark room, and manage your sleep environment.

Conclusion

Respecting your body’s natural sleep patterns can improve your overall health and energy levels. By understanding and adjusting your circadian rhythm, you can achieve better sleep and feel more refreshed.

Small-Town Atmosphere in City Setting

Tustin: Quiet Neighborhoods, Excellent Schools, and a Convenient Location

Rich Kaufman, who co-owns two bakeries in Newport Beach and Corona del Mar, was immediately drawn to his future home in Tustin. “I was flooded with childhood memories of my grandma’s house,” he said of the 1934-built home. “The huge arched doorways, big windows, wood floors, and squeaky doors all really appealed to me.”

His only concern was whether his wife, Lara Kaufman, would like the home, but she agreed to the purchase without hesitation.

Lara Kaufman said, “The house’s interior design is old Art Deco, and it has a lot of personality.” Last April, they bought the 2,000 square foot, three-bedroom house for $330,000.

Since moving in, the Kaufmans have also grown fond of Tustin itself. Lara Kaufman appreciates the town’s small-town atmosphere, a welcome change from their previous beach area home. “People are down-to-earth here and very friendly,” she shared. “I don’t have to worry about putting on makeup to go to the store. And unlike some areas, there are many young couples like us who are starting families.”

Rich Kaufman enjoys Tustin’s relaxed rural setting

Rich Kaufman enjoys the quiet, pastoral feel of their North Tustin home, surrounded by neighbors with horses and mini-orchards.

According to Melody Streur, a realtor with Century 21 Academy in Tustin, the city’s sedate, low-profile atmosphere is one of the reasons people move to and stay in Tustin.

“Once people move into the area, they tend to stay,” said Streur. “Residents generally have a strong sense of family and enjoy the quiet lifestyle Tustin offers.”

Strong Community Bonds

Mike Sackett, a longtime resident, explains that his Tustin neighborhood has been quiet since the day he and his wife, Blanche, moved in 36 years ago. “It’s never been really noisy here,” he said. “The neighbors have always gotten together to help one another, and the fire department was once all volunteer.” Today, Mike continues to help neighbors with outdoor projects.

Family-Oriented Neighborhoods

Blanche Sackett remembers the day they found their home. “We were looking for a four-bedroom home for our two children and my mother. We looked in Santa Ana, but when we found this model home, I knew it was the one,” she said. They purchased the 1,300-square-foot house for $13,180 in 1956. Today, it would sell for about $220,000.

Top-Rated Schools

Many families choose to stay in Tustin because of its highly-rated schools. Both Tustin High School and Foothill High School have produced numerous National Merit Scholars. Principal Duffy Clark of Tustin High says, “Around 90% of our students go on to college, and in the last decade, we’ve sent more students to West Point than any other high school west of the Mississippi.”

Foothill High School boasts similar academic success. Janis Jones, the school’s principal, notes that 96.5% of the 1992 graduating class went on to college, with many attending Ivy League universities such as Harvard and Stanford.

Location and Housing Options

Tustin is centrally located, just eight miles from John Wayne Airport and 12 miles from the beach, making it a convenient spot for shopping and travel. The city offers a wide range of housing options, from affordable homes to luxury estates.

  • The average home in Tustin sells for $349,000, typically 2,200 to 2,800 square feet with 2 to 2.5 bathrooms.
  • Larger estates range from 4,000 to 10,000 square feet, priced between $500,000 and $2 million.
  • Smaller homes of 1,200 to 1,700 square feet cost between $195,000 and $225,000.
  • Two- to three-bedroom condos average $153,000 for 1,000 to 1,500 square feet.

The allure of Tustin is so strong that it even attracts residents from other cities. For example, Judy Oku moved to Tustin after living in Irvine for 13 years. “We love it here,” she said. “It’s nice and quiet, close to shopping, and we can even walk to the movie theater.”

Historical Background

Tustin was founded in 1868 by Columbus Tustin, a farmer and buggy maker. Its growth was slow compared to neighboring cities, and it wasn’t incorporated until 1927. The city remained a small farming community for years, with its pace of life reflecting that tradition.

Changes Over Time

Over the years, Tustin has transformed, but many longtime residents still cherish the city’s quiet, small-town charm. Hugh Robinson, a retired Marine, fondly recalls the 1950s when he and his wife, Marion, bought a home for $18,000—now valued at $200,000.

“At the time, there were few homes and it was peaceful at night,” said Hugh. “An orange grove sat behind us, and the smell of orange blossoms filled the air when in bloom.”

Notable Landmarks

Despite modern changes, Tustin still retains historic buildings, such as the Knights of Pythias building from 1925. It houses the Chamber of Commerce, Tustin Historical Society, and some unique businesses like a vintage clothing store and an old hardware store. Other popular spots include the health food restaurant Rutabegorz and McCharles House Restaurant in a Victorian mansion.

Demographics and Population Statistics

  • 1992 estimated population: 53,524
  • 1980-90 population change: +32.3%
  • Median age: 29.5 years
  • Annual income: $20,933 per capita; $42,832 median household

While the city is more crowded than in years past, many long-term residents still find Tustin an ideal place to call home. “We’ve grown with the area, and we’re here to stay,” says Marion Robinson.

Nighttime Is the Right Time for Dreamy Dressing

Comfortable and Sexy Sleepwear for Women

After a long, busy day, many women look forward to a good night’s sleep. Part of the pleasure is slipping into something comfortable for the slumber ahead.

While women want comfortable sleepwear, they also look for something sexy to wear before climbing into bed, says Michelle Sullivan, sales representative at Leonardo’s Boutique in the Hyatt Hotel in Garden Grove.

“Women care what they wear to sleep,” agrees Leslie Stoddard, co-owner of Intimate Concepts in Irvine. “Nightwear is moving toward a sexier look and there is a lot more variety in today’s sleepwear.”

You’ll also find many more colors than ever before. “Besides black and white, there is a lot of women’s nightwear in warm colors like brown and gold, which are very popular,” says Lena Marie Sulahian, owner of Marie’s Boudoir in Laguna Niguel.

The following sampling of stores offers nightwear perfect for snoozing and lounging:

Store Listings

EROGENOUS ZONE

  • Classics by J & J 100% Silk Two-Piece Set: Long-sleeved shirt with one pocket and loose-fitting pants in red or white ($120, sizes small, medium, large).
  • XTC Leather Teddy: Sleeveless with lace front and spaghetti straps, attached garter straps ($80-$110, sizes 34-38).
  • Loves Delight Baby-Doll Teddy: Black or white, fishnet and lace top, spaghetti straps ($24, sizes small, medium, large).

INTIMATE CONCEPTS

  • Shirley of Hollywood Lace Teddy: Stretch lace teddy with lace-up front and low V-neck ($26, sizes small to 4X).
  • Empire Chiffon Baby-Doll Set: Sheer black with lace and embroidered roses ($25, sizes small to 4X).
  • Shirley of Hollywood Body Stocking: Cracked-ice fishnet with lace-up front and low back ($49, sizes small, medium, large).

KRISTEN’S LINGERIE

  • Varena Floor-Length Cotton Nightie: White cotton gown with button-down front and small cotton bows ($90, sizes small, medium, large).
  • Tzzz Cotton Pajamas: Short-sleeved top with shorts, available in pink, sea-foam green, or blue ($30, sizes small, medium, large).
  • Charmeuse Night Slips: Pullover slip-style nighties in peach, pink, purple, or red ($20-$60 depending on silk quality).

LEONARDO’S BOUTIQUE

  • Blanche Long Chiffon Gown: White chiffon with sheer lace top and pink chiffon bottom ($180, one size).
  • Circa 2000 Teddy: Hawaiian flower print teddy with spaghetti straps ($30, sizes small, medium, large).
  • Nan Flower Teddy: Satin V on stomach, mesh sides, lace at bikini line ($37, sizes small, medium, large).

LINGERIE FOR LESS

  • Cassi L Silk Chemise: Knee-length with crisscross back, available in red, white, black, or blue ($30, sizes small, medium, large).
  • Escante Floor-Length Gown: Black, red, fuchsia, or white, with V-style lace under-wire bra ($40.99).

MARIE’S BOUDOIR

  • Shirley of Hollywood Multicolored Chiffon Teddy: Sheer back and spaghetti straps ($38, sizes small, medium, large).
  • Terry Rousso Ivory Gown & Robe Set: Lace and chiffon, with beading ($80 for the set, small, medium, large sizes).

PHYLLIS CAMERON LINGERIE AND AT HOME WEAR

  • Lucie Ann Tropical Floral Gown: White with floral pattern in coral, purple, emerald ($32, sizes petite to large).
  • Wild Mint Full-Length Gown: Ivory-colored cotton with embroidered sleeves and hemline ($96, sizes small, medium, large).

THE PLEASURE COMPANY

  • Shirley of Hollywood Satin Camisole & Tap Pants Set: Loose-fitting ivory satin with spaghetti straps ($30, sizes small, medium, large).
  • Shirley of Hollywood Chiffon Baby-Doll Nightie: Red, white, blue, or black with matching panties ($40, sizes small, medium, large, 3X).

Check out these stores for the perfect blend of sexy and comfortable nightwear!

Gardening : Plotting for a Year-Round Bounty of Vegetables

While gardeners in states with “real winters” can’t even get a shovel into the frozen ground, many local vegetable plots have crisp snow peas weighing down vines and green bunches of broccoli resting under the sunny skies.

Orange County is one of few places in the country where gardeners can harvest tomatoes in November or pull heads of cabbage out of the garden in February. If you’re not taking advantage of the mild climate and gardening year-round, it may be time to think about planting a continual garden.

It’s possible to grow lots of tasty vegetables throughout the year in Orange County, says Allan Garofalow, a Buena Park gardener and treasurer for the California Organic Gardening Club.

“Keep a garden growing year-round, and you can go out every day and pick fresh produce that’s far superior to what you’ll find in the stores. Garden without pesticides and you also have the satisfaction of knowing you’re eating chemical-free vegetables,” he says.

Gardener harvesting vegetables
Unlike parts of the country with traditional seasons that allow only a certain amount of time for crops to grow, in Southern California, the weather is more lax and forgiving. In Montana, if you don’t set out your tomato plants at just the right time in spring, a crop of green tomatoes may get zapped by an early frost.

Year-Round Gardening in Orange County

Here you can plant tomatoes from March through August and enjoy them fresh most of the year.

“Orange County has been described as having just two seasons—spring and summer,” says Garofalow. “Our summer lasts from July through September; at this time warm-weather crops like cucumbers and tomatoes thrive. Spring composes the rest of the year. Many people don’t realize that this latter time can be very active in the garden.”

Spring and Summer Planting Tips

In March, both spring and summer crops can be planted. “It’s possible to plant cool-weather vegetables now and get a crop in before the summer plants take over,” says James Bailey, coordinator and supervisor of the Centennial Farm at the Orange County Fair. Good picks are:

  • Beets
  • Broccoli
  • Cabbage
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Cauliflower
  • Mustard greens
  • Snow peas
  • Spinach
  • Artichokes
  • Rhubarb
  • Celery

While your late winter/spring crop is growing, you can also begin seeding plants such as corn, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, turnips, shallots, peanuts, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, summer squash, winter squash, zucchini, and beans. Many seeds planted now will be ready for transplanting into the garden in a month or two.

Plants for Year-Round Gardening

Plants that can be grown any time of year here include:

  • Lettuce
  • Radishes
  • Most herbs
  • Swiss chard
  • Collards
  • Carrots

Gardening Tips for Year-Round Success

For year-round gardening, most experts suggest sticking to a small, manageable plot, rather than a large, sprawling garden. “You don’t want to waste a lot of time and effort on more square footage than you need,” says Huntington Beach resident Paul Pirtle, who has gardened on a year-round basis for several years. “It’s easier to control a smaller space and it’s less intimidating.”

Raised Beds and Trellis Systems

In hard clay soil, many gardeners turn to raised beds because the soil is always loose and workable and drains easily. A raised bed also gives you a confined space in which to plant. Pirtle has five six-by-three-foot raised beds, one of which is always full of lettuce.

A trellis system for climbing plants such as peas, beans, and melons should also be added to your garden, says Garofalow. Put a trellis at the back of the garden so that the structure or attached plants don’t shade other crops. Many gardeners secure concrete reinforcing wire between two-by-twos or metal stakes and use this as a trellis, which will last for several years.

Soil Health and Fertilization

When you garden on an intense, continuous basis, it’s critical to keep the soil healthy and viable, says Garofalow. Summer gardeners don’t have to pay as much attention to soil fertility because months of disuse give the earth time to re-energize. When you constantly use the soil, though, it’s important to keep it nourished.

For the active gardener, a compost pile is worth its weight in gold. If you don’t already have one, start a compost system and add the resulting humus to your garden at least once or twice a year.

Garofalow also suggests replenishing your soil with:

  • Blood meal (high in nitrogen)
  • Bone meal (good source of phosphorus)

Cover Crops

If part of your garden will be dormant over the winter, you can build the soil by planting a green cover crop in the fall, which will grow during the winter and can be turned into the soil in the spring. This re-energizes your garden by adding nitrogen and organic matter.

Cover crops Pirtle suggests include:

  • Winter rye
  • Sweet clover
  • Alfalfa
  • Hairy vetch

Turn the cover crop under a month before you want to plant in that area.

Crop Rotation and Record-Keeping

Although you will be using your garden on a continuous basis, you should wait at least two weeks between plantings, which will allow beneficial organisms to multiply.

Crop rotation is essential to keep soil and plants healthy. For example, don’t plant heavy nitrogen feeders like tomatoes in the same spot for three years. Instead, plant beans or peas, which replenish the soil with nitrogen.

Organizational Tips

You can keep track of what works best in your year-round garden by keeping records. Take a notebook and date each entry, noting the weather and what you did in the garden that day. Include what you planted, fertilized, and pruned. This notebook can help you understand why certain crops succeed or fail, allowing you to replicate successful strategies.

Conclusion

Gardening is an experimental activity, and the climate in Orange County is forgiving. Be willing to try new things and be surprised by the results. As Garofalow says, “Gardening’s an adventure and will constantly lead you to new discoveries.”

Year-Round Vegetable Gardening Calendar

Year-Round Gardening in Orange County

A wide variety of vegetables can be grown year-round in the Orange County climate. Here is a guide to help plan a perpetual garden:

January

Seed, Transplant and/or Harvest

  • Artichokes
  • Asparagus
  • Beets
  • Broccoli
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Cabbage
  • Cauliflower
  • Carrots
  • Endive
  • Kohlrabi
  • Leeks
  • Lettuce
  • Mustard greens
  • Onions
  • Onion and garlic sets
  • Radishes
  • Parsnips
  • Salsify
  • Turnips
  • Parsley
  • Spinach
  • Swiss chard
  • Rhubarb
  • Horseradish

February

Seed

  • Beets
  • Bell peppers
  • Carrots
  • Celery
  • Corn
  • Cucumbers
  • Early peas
  • Eggplant
  • Endive
  • Green beans
  • Kohlrabi
  • Leeks
  • Lettuce
  • Melons
  • Mustard
  • Onions
  • Parsley
  • Parsnips
  • Potatoes
  • Radishes
  • Salsify
  • Spinach
  • Squash
  • Swiss chard
  • Tomatoes
  • Turnips

Transplant and/or Harvest

  • Artichokes
  • Asparagus
  • Broccoli
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Cabbage
  • Cauliflower
  • Endive
  • Horseradish
  • Lettuce
  • Mustard greens
  • Parsley
  • Spinach
  • Swiss chard
  • Onions
  • Rhubarb

March

Seed

  • Beets
  • Bell peppers
  • Carrots
  • Collards
  • Corn
  • Eggplant
  • Endive
  • Herbs
  • Kale
  • Kohlrabi
  • Leeks
  • Lettuce
  • Mustard greens
  • Onions
  • Parsley
  • Parsnips
  • Potatoes
  • Peanuts
  • Peas
  • Radishes
  • Rhubarb
  • Swiss chard
  • Salsify
  • Spinach
  • Sunflowers
  • Tomatoes (“Early Girl” variety)
  • Turnips

Transplant and/or Harvest

  • Artichokes
  • Asparagus
  • Beets
  • Broccoli
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Cabbage
  • Carrots
  • Cauliflower
  • Collards
  • Endive
  • Horseradish
  • Jerusalem artichokes
  • Kale
  • Lettuce
  • Peas
  • Radishes
  • Rhubarb
  • Swiss chard
  • Turnips
  • Spinach

Shake Your Booty, Have Fun and Get Into Shape

Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers had the right idea. If you want to stay fit and have fun while doing so, then dance.

“Recreational dancing is a great form of exercise that never goes out of style and can be used in just about any social setting,” says Matthew Brayshaw, who teaches ballroom and country and Western dancing at Londance Studio in Santa Ana.

In addition to being fun and a great way to meet new friends, dancing has a variety of benefits, including its ability to improve coordination, straighten posture, and even increase self-confidence. “I’ve seen many shy people really come out of their shells after learning how to dance,” says Brayshaw.

Many people now consider dancing a fun way to stay fit, says Kristine Robbin, country and Western dance instructor for the Crazy Horse Steak House and Saloon in Santa Ana. “Dancing is especially good for people who have a hard time motivating themselves to follow an exercise regimen.”

Relaxing through dancing

Dancing can also be a relaxing change of pace. Linda Hagood, a psychotherapist in Orange County, regularly recommends that her patients dance as a way to escape life’s daily pressures. She takes her own advice, ballroom dancing about twice a week.

“I have a 110-mile commute that takes three to four hours each day,” she says. “Dancing is a great form of exercise that helps relieve stress. As you concentrate on where your feet are supposed to go, you forget about the daily grind. It’s also easy to fit dancing into my hectic schedule.”

Types of Dance for Fitness

There are many types of dancing that can become part of a fitness program. Each offers the opportunity for a particular type of workout:

  • Hip-hop: An intense street dance that elevates your heart rate quickly. Christina Sullivan, director of the Jam Crew, suggests taking a funk or hip-hop aerobics class to learn basic moves before hitting the dance floor.
  • Country and Western: Includes two-step and line dancing. The two-step gives a full-body workout, while line dancing (like the Tush Push or Electric Slide) mainly targets the lower body.
  • Ballroom Dancing: Includes smooth dances like the waltz, tango, and fox-trot. While these may appear mellow, they require great body control and offer a solid workout. Rhythm dances like the mambo and salsa provide an energetic workout.
  • Square Dancing: A vigorous workout that’s great for cardiovascular conditioning and recommended by many doctors, especially for heart patients. Square dancing lasts 2-2.5 hours, making it an excellent form of exercise.
  • Free-style: If structured dance steps aren’t for you, free-style dancing can be a great way to get an aerobic workout. Just move your body with exaggerated movements to make the most out of it.

Maximizing Your Dance Fitness

To get the most fitness benefits from recreational dancing, here are some tips:

  • Watch the clock: Dance for at least 20 minutes at a time to keep your heart rate elevated. Taking brief breaks is okay, but keep your heart rate up to burn fat effectively.
  • Be consistent: Dance regularly, at least a couple of times a week, to see fitness improvements.
  • Warm up and cool down: Start with slow songs to get your blood flowing and always cool down before resting to prevent muscle strain.
  • Drink water: Hydrate with water, especially if you’re sweating a lot. Avoid alcohol, as it dehydrates and depletes energy.
  • Dress appropriately: Wear loose, comfortable clothing and shoes with leather soles to aid in turning. Avoid high heels or sandals, which can cause discomfort and lack of support.
Dancing for fun and fitness

Conclusion

Dancing is a fun and effective way to stay fit, relieve stress, and improve overall health. Whether you prefer hip-hop, ballroom, or free-style, there’s a dance style for everyone to enjoy while boosting their fitness levels.

GARDENING : Growing Plants Takes Feat of Clay

Dealing with Clay Soil in Orange County

Gardeners in Orange County often struggle with clay soil, which is sticky and mushy when wet and hard as cement when dry. This soil doesn’t offer the most hospitable environment for plants.

“It’s very challenging to grow plants in it,” said Steve Kawaratani, landscape manager at Laguna Nursery. “Clay soil is very compact, with tightly bound soil particles that restrict air flow to plant roots. It also retains water and salt, leading to root rot. The soil is also very alkaline, which many plants can’t tolerate.”

Without proper amendments, plants in dense clay soil are likely to struggle. “Most plants fail because of improper soil preparation, not disease or insects,” Kawaratani added.

Kawaratani emphasizes the importance of proper soil preparation. “The more prepared your soil is before planting, the higher your root to shoot ratio, leading to healthier plants with more flowers, vegetables, and larger leaves.”

Soil Testing

Soil Testing: Know Your Soil

Before amending your soil, it’s important to test it to understand its properties. You can either test the soil yourself or take it to a local nursery for professional testing.

  • DIY Test: Fill a coffee can with dirt from four different locations in your yard and bring it to your local nursery for testing. This typically costs around $50.
  • At-Home Kit: You can also purchase a soil testing kit for $15-$16 at your local nursery.

Testing your soil reveals key information about its fertility and pH levels, which indicate whether the soil is too acidic or alkaline.

“Most plants thrive in a soil pH of about 5.5 to 6.5,” said Kawaratani. “In Orange County, the soil pH tends to be about 7.9 to 8 due to the alkalinity of water from the Colorado River. This high pH can stunt plant growth, particularly for acid-loving plants like gardenias, camellias, and azaleas.”

Soil testing also measures the salt content, which is crucial as excess salt can harm plants by burning roots and leading to root rot.

Amending Your Clay Soil

To improve clay soil, you need to amend it with the right materials to increase drainage and air penetration. Proper amendments also adjust pH, reduce salt, and add nitrogen for plant health.

Recommended Amendments:

  • Redwood Compost: Consider using 2-3 bales per 100 square feet of soil. This is the most efficient amendment for clay soil as it improves structure and longevity.
  • Gypsum: Helps flush out salts and lightens the soil. Kawaratani recommends 150-200 pounds per 1,000 square feet.
  • Ironite: Adds iron and sulfur, useful for alkaline soils.
  • Perlite: Helps aerate the soil and holds soil particles apart. It should be used with compost for best results.

It’s important to mix the amendments thoroughly into the soil rather than just applying them around the roots of plants. This ensures the soil structure improves throughout the planting area, not just at the root zone.

Avoid These Amendments

  • Vermiculite: Holds water and can cause soil compaction.
  • Peat Moss: Retains too much water and isn’t ideal for clay soil.
  • Sand: When combined with clay, it creates a cement-like mixture.
  • Lime: Increases soil alkalinity, which should be avoided for plants sensitive to high pH levels.

Saving Existing Plants from Root Rot

If your plants are suffering, the issue might be root rot caused by excess water. Root rot can be detected when the leaves appear wilted, brown, or yellow despite regular watering.

To diagnose root rot, you can perform a simple test:

  • Use a soil probe or metal tube to extract a sample from the root zone.
  • Give the soil a sniff. If it smells like rotten eggs, root rot is likely the cause.

To save the plant, Kawaratani recommends punching holes around the root zone to allow excess water to drain. Cut back on watering and fill the holes with sand to promote better drainage.

Plants That Thrive in Clay Soil

While amending clay soil can improve its condition, some plants naturally tolerate clay soil better than others. Here are some plants that thrive in clay soil:

  • Acacia
  • Alyssum Perennial
  • Bamboo
  • Blue Atlas Cedar
  • California Lilac
  • Common Yarrow
  • Crimson Spot Rockrose
  • Dwarf Plumbago
  • Fernleaf Yarrow
  • Western Redbud

Summer Replacements : Sweating causes potassium, sodium and glucose depletion. But sound nutrition can take care of that.

Why Proper Nutrition is Important After Summer Activities

After spending a day at the beach or an afternoon cycling, it’s essential to replenish your body. Even if you’re not feeling hungry, your body needs nourishment after sweating and exertion.

“Although we tend not to feel hungry during the summer, proper nutrition is crucial,” says registered dietitian Becky Posada of St. Joseph Hospital in Orange.

Sweating leads to the loss of potassium, sodium, and glucose, all of which are vital for energy. Fortunately, these nutrients can be easily replaced through a balanced summer diet.

Replenishing Electrolytes and Energy

Here are some tips to replenish what you’ve lost during a sunny, active day:

  • Potassium: Replace lost potassium by drinking a glass of orange juice, apricot nectar, or eating foods like bananas, raisins, potatoes, yogurt, and milk products. Berries, melons, and peaches are also good choices.
  • Magnesium: If magnesium is lost through sweating, replenish it with whole-grain breads and cereals.
  • Glucose: Glucose stores are depleted during exercise, so consume carbohydrate-rich snacks to replenish your energy.

Healthy Summer Meal Plan

Follow a nutritionally balanced meal plan to restore vital nutrients:

  • Stick to Carbohydrates: After an active day, consume about 300 calories of carbohydrates within the first two hours. Suggested snacks include a cup of orange juice and a bagel, or a turkey sandwich with fruit.
  • Avoid Nutritionally Poor Snacks: Limit potato chips, sugary snacks like Popsicles, and focus on balanced meals.
  • Remember the Four Basic Food Groups: At each meal or snack, aim to include items from at least two or three food groups. Adults should have 2-3 servings of the milk group, 5-11 servings of the grain group, 5-9 servings of fruits/vegetables, and 2 servings from the meat/fish/poultry group.

Examples of Balanced Snacks

  • Fruit, bagel, and yogurt
  • Carrot sticks with a turkey sandwich
  • Tuna salad sandwich with low-fat mayonnaise
  • Whole grain cereal with low-fat milk

Starches and Healthy Alternatives

Starches like potatoes, rice, pasta, and bread are excellent sources of carbohydrates. Opt for non-fat toppings like cottage cheese, low-fat yogurt, or vegetable sauces on these foods.

Grill Lean and Healthy Options

You can still enjoy summer favorites like hamburgers and hot dogs in a healthier way. Look for lean versions or grill chicken or fish. Try bean burritos or taco salads made with oil-free tortilla chips and low-fat cheese.

Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

Take advantage of fresh summer produce. Choose dark-colored vegetables like spinach, broccoli, and carrots for the highest nutritional value.

Fluid Choices and Hydration

Staying hydrated is crucial, but be mindful of what you drink. Avoid sugary drinks, caffeine, and alcohol as they can further dehydrate you. Water or diluted fruit juices are the best options.

Vitamins vs. Food

Remember, vitamins cannot replace food. Proper nutrition comes first—vitamins only supplement your diet and should not be relied upon for energy.

Fresh Catnip Is Quite a Treat

Fresh vs. Dried Catnip: What Your Cat is Missing

Freshly grown catnip is far superior to the bland dried varieties you often find in stores, according to Orange County veterinarian Dori Slater. If your cat hasn’t tried fresh catnip yet, he may be missing out on something special.

Fragrant and potent when fresh, catnip has the power to send many cats into an enjoyable tailspin, offering them a burst of excitement or a relaxed, mellow state.

Catnip plant

How Cats React to Catnip

Not all cats react the same way to catnip. According to Mary Lou Heard of Heard’s Country Garden, some cats become incredibly excited and playful, while others become more lethargic and relaxed. This variation in behavior adds to the charm of offering fresh catnip to your furry friend.

How to Dry Fresh Catnip for Later Use

Since catnip is a vigorous grower, you may want to preserve its freshness for future use. Drying catnip is simple and allows you to enjoy its potency even after it’s out of season.

  • Lay the catnip on a cookie sheet and place it in a 150-degree oven with the door slightly open.
  • Let it cook until it is dry and crisp. For convenience, you can leave it in overnight and it will be ready by morning.

Alternatively, you can dry catnip in the microwave, though the oven method retains more of its fragrance.

Dried catnip storage

Storing Dried Catnip

Once dried, store your catnip in tightly sealed plastic bags and keep it in a dry place to preserve its potency.

Winter Fun with Catnip

During the winter months when it’s cold and rainy outside, you can still perk up your cat’s spirits by placing dried catnip inside the toe of a sock. This simple trick will provide a burst of excitement to keep your cat entertained indoors.

Garden Full of Cat Food : Edible Plants Can Delight Feline Friends

Why Your Cat Needs a Garden

If Whiskers is nibbling on your zinnias or rolling around in the dirt next to your tomato plant, it may be time for a garden of his own.

Providing your feline friend with an edible garden has a variety of benefits. A garden offers your cat a special place where he can enjoy fresh air and sunshine while nibbling on a variety of vitamin and mineral-rich plants.

“Providing a secure outdoor garden is a valuable part of good cat care,” says Dori Slater, a veterinarian who has an enclosed garden for her four indoor cats. “Cats love to sleep among the plants, play and watch the world go by. A garden relieves boredom, especially if the owner is away at work all day.”

Health Benefits of a Cat Garden

An outdoor garden provides several health advantages:

  • Natural sunlight stimulates vitamin D production for healthy bones.
  • Daily exposure to light and dark supports normal neuroendocrine functions.
  • Access to fresh air and stimulation can reduce boredom and stress.

Nutritious Plants Cats Love

Many plants cats enjoy are packed with nutrients:

  • Parsley: Vitamins A, B, C, beta carotene, and potassium.
  • Carrot tops: Vitamin A and beta carotene.
  • Spinach: High in calcium and vitamins C and A.

Cat-Friendly Plants to Grow

In addition to vegetables, try these plants:

  • Zinnias
  • Marigolds
  • Johnny-jump-ups
  • Catnip (test first, not all cats enjoy it)
  • Cat thyme
  • Oat grass (a favorite for most cats)
  • Rosemary
  • Bean sprouts

“Oat grass is gentle on a cat’s digestive system and less likely to cause vomiting,” says Slater.

Starting a Cat Garden from Seed

Growing from seed is budget-friendly and safer since you control chemical exposure.

Mary Lou Heard recommends this soil mix:

  • 1/3 potting soil
  • 1/3 peat moss
  • 1/3 vermiculite

Water gently with a fine mist or from the bottom. Cover seeds with peat moss outdoors to protect from birds. Place containers in partial light and avoid letting seeds dry out.

Speeding Up Germination

Create a humidity chamber by placing the container in a sealed plastic bag. Remove the bag once seedlings emerge to prevent fungus.

Germination times:

  • Parsley: 2–5 weeks
  • Carrots: 1–3 weeks (pre-soak seeds to speed up)
  • Oat grass: A few days
  • Catnip and spinach: About a week
  • Rosemary and cat thyme: Usually grown from cuttings

Slater recommends reseeding oat grass every 2–3 weeks for a steady supply.

Managing Catnip

Have two containers of catnip so one can rejuvenate while the other is in use. “Catnip will come back to life. Just cut out the bad parts and give it time,” says Heard.

Plants to Avoid

Some plants are toxic to cats. Avoid:

  • Oleander
  • Poinsettias
  • Yew
  • Lily of the valley
  • Philodendron
  • Azalea
  • Sweet pea
  • Jimson weed
  • Dieffenbachia
  • Large-leaf ivy
  • Mistletoe
  • Cherry
  • Morning glory
  • Iris
  • Mushrooms
  • Rhubarb leaves

Also avoid any plant that produces foxtails, as these can cause medical issues if ingested or embedded in the body.

Safe Fertilizers and Pest Control

  • Use natural fertilizers like blood meal, bone meal, fish emulsion, and kelp.
  • Avoid chemical or systemic fertilizers.
  • For pests like aphids, use water sprays or insecticidal soap and remove affected parts manually.

Avoid chemical pesticides. Slater warns that some, like Snarol pellets, resemble cat food and can be fatal.

Creating a Cat Garden in Small Spaces

Even a small space can become a cat haven:

  • Use side walkways, balconies, or patios.
  • Install a cat door and create access to a container garden.
  • Consider a window box garden with access to fresh air and sunlight.

Cat Garden Enhancements

Make the space more fun and functional with:

  • Enclosures made from PVC pipe and wire (no gaps larger than 2 inches)
  • Fruit tree branches for climbing
  • Scratching posts or cat condos
  • Wicker baskets for sleeping
  • Mobiles or a nightlight to attract bugs

Place the garden where it receives both sunlight and shade, and is sheltered from strong winds.

Brain Food : Cravings Can Be Linked to Pleasant Physical Effects, Good Memories

What Your Food Cravings Really Mean

Is the snack machine calling your name? Maybe you’re craving a Snickers bar, Doritos, or something more exotic like caviar, Brie, or mangoes.

We’ve all experienced cravings—whether for salty, sugary, or spicy foods. Are these urges signs of dietary deficiencies? According to Cindy Daversa, a registered dietitian at St. Jude Medical Center in Fullerton, cravings are usually not about nutrition but emotional associations.

“Your past experience with whatever you’re craving is more than likely a good one,” says Daversa. “Fond memories of a food get you to return for more.”

Lisa Mosing, another registered dietitian and nutritional consultant in Orange and Los Angeles counties, agrees.

“If you wonder why you yearn for a certain food, you may find the answer in your past,” says Mosing. “It could be pudding because your mom made it on rainy days, or tamales on the Fourth of July.”

Why We Crave Certain Foods

In addition to childhood memories, food cravings can be linked to chemical reactions in the brain. Eating a candy bar, for instance, can create a sense of well-being.

“Satisfying a craving sometimes releases a peptide in the brain that triggers mood-elevating chemicals,” says Daversa.

Common Cravings and Their Triggers

  • Sugary foods: Candy bars, cookies, pies, cakes, hard candy, and ice cream.
  • Salty foods: Potato chips, sunflower seeds, and processed snacks.

Food texture preferences also play a role:

  • Comfort foods: Creamy items like puddings, soups, grits, and creamy cookies.
  • Crunchy foods: Chips, popcorn, pretzels, and raw fruits and vegetables.

Cravings in Women

Women tend to experience more cravings than men due to hormonal changes before menstruation. Many crave chocolate and simple sugars to cope with mood swings and anxiety.

“Simple sugars help tryptophan cross the blood-brain barrier, which boosts serotonin and gives a calming effect,” says Daversa.

But the relief is temporary. Mosing warns:

“After eating sugar, you’ll feel good for a while, but then your blood sugar will drop and you’ll feel sluggish.”

How to Deal with Food Cravings

  • Find healthy alternatives:

    • For crunchy cravings: Fruits, vegetables, air-popped popcorn, bread sticks, or whole-grain crackers.
    • For creamy cravings: Sugar-free puddings, fat-free cream soups, oatmeal, and hot cereals.
    • For sweet cravings: Choose unsweetened, low-fat options like frozen yogurt or sugar-free hot cocoa.
  • Stick to complex carbohydrates:
    Whole-grain breads, cereals, pasta, brown rice, and vegetables keep blood sugar stable and boost energy.
  • Offset carbs with protein:
    Proteins slow the conversion of carbs to glucose and promote alertness. Try string cheese, nuts, or a glass of milk.
  • Plan ahead:
    Carry healthy alternatives with you to prevent reaching for candy or chips.
  • Indulge occasionally:
    Don’t deprive yourself completely. It’s okay to enjoy a favorite treat now and then.
  • Watch your portion size:
    Eat just half a piece of cake or a few bites of a candy bar to satisfy your craving without overdoing it.
  • Understand emotional triggers:
    Ask yourself why you crave something—boredom, loneliness, or stress might be the real issue.
  • Seek professional help:
    If your cravings are persistent, unusual, or uncontrollable, consult a physician or dietitian.

When Cravings Signal a Health Issue

In rare cases, cravings may be linked to nutritional deficiencies. For example, an iron deficiency can cause cravings for non-food items like ice, dirt, or even paint. These unusual cravings are more common among disadvantaged women or during pregnancy.

Vegetables for a Sweet Tooth

Gardening: Snow Peas and Carrots Are Easy to Grow and So Delicious They Might Not Make It to the Kitchen

When I was young, I lived across the street from a woman with a large garden. She told me I could eat whatever I wanted, so I took her at her word.

I’d start with the sugar peas, popping the sweet, crisp delicacies into my mouth. Then I’d move to the carrot bed, pulling out the long, crunchy orange vegetables and munching them down. This fresh produce was so satisfying, I didn’t even think about candy—a miracle for a child of eight.

If you’ve never had a snow pea or carrot right out of the garden, you’ve never had a snow pea or carrot. Backyard-grown vegetables far outshine store-bought varieties. Thanks to our mild Southern California weather, snow peas and carrots flourish in the fall, winter, and spring.

Also known as sugar peas, snow peas are expensive in stores—but they’re easy and cost-effective to grow at home.

Snow Peas: Easy and Rewarding

“Snow peas are almost a foolproof crop,” says Stan Tinkle of the California Organic Gardening Club. “They’re tasty—especially stir-fried with sprouts—if they make it back into the house. Often I eat them right in the garden.”

Types of Snow Peas

  • Bush Peas: Shorter and don’t require support.
  • Climbing Peas: Can grow up to 6 feet and require a trellis.

How to Grow Snow Peas

  1. Soil Preparation: Use well-drained soil. Amend clay soil with compost or planting mix.
  2. Seed Prep: Soak seeds in warm water for 6–12 hours to speed germination.
  3. Planting: Sow seeds 1–2 inches deep, spaced 4–6 inches apart.

Protecting Young Plants

  • Cover seedlings with netting or row cover to deter birds.
  • Watch for pests: sow bugs, snails, cutworms, caterpillars, and slugs.
  • Use paper collars or BT-based products like Attack and Dipel.
  • Sprinkle wood ash around plants for pest control.

Trellising for Climbers

Use chicken wire, wood fencing, or netting like Ross Grownet. Tinkle uses 8-foot wire tubes for individual pea plants.

Fertilizing and Watering Snow Peas

  • Apply fertilizer two weeks after planting.
  • Alternatively, use slow-release fertilizer (e.g., chicken manure or blood meal) 8 inches deep before planting.
  • Water regularly but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
  • Never water from overhead to avoid mildew.

If mildew appears, spray a mixture of fine ground sulfur and water (1 tsp per quart) after sunset, and rinse off in the morning.

Carrots: Crisp, Sweet, and Best When Homegrown

Store-bought carrots can’t compare to homegrown ones. You won’t find carrot plants in nurseries—they must be started from seed.

Preparing the Soil

“Before planting, do a really good job of preparing your carrot bed,” says Nola Skyler. Hard soil leads to stunted, dry carrots. Raised beds are ideal. Otherwise, work compost or planting mix into your soil.

Preparing and Planting Seeds

  • Soak seeds in hot water or microwave briefly to soften the seed hull.
  • Mix seeds with sand or vermiculite for even distribution.
  • Use a saltshaker or seed tape for easier planting.
  • Plant seeds 1/8 to 1/4 inch deep.
  • Cover with newspaper to protect from water runoff and ensure moisture.

Watering for Germination

Keep soil consistently moist. Germination typically occurs within 1 to 3 weeks.

Addressing Alkaline Soil

According to Mike Graupner, Southern California’s alkaline water (pH 8) hinders carrot germination. Carrots prefer a pH of 6.5.

To lower pH:

  • Add ½–1 cup vinegar to a 33-gallon trash can filled with water.
  • Use a pool test kit to check pH.
  • Use rainwater or plant radishes nearby, which naturally release mild acid.

Thinning and Fertilizing Carrots

  • Thin carrots when 2–3 inches tall using hand-pulling, a rake, or by harvesting baby carrots.
  • Fertilize regularly with compost, fish emulsion, or high-phosphorus organic fertilizer.

Watering Tips

  • Some experts recommend watering only when needed to encourage deep roots.
  • Others suggest maintaining even soil moisture for healthy growth.

Harvesting Carrots

Carrots can be harvested at any size and left in the ground until needed—but use them within 3 months to avoid drying out.

Time Is Ripe for Planting a Cabbage-Family Garden

Cool Season Vegetables: Grow Broccoli, Cauliflower, and Brussels Sprouts

Now that cooler weather should be on its way, you may think that the vegetable gardening season is over. Think again. There are plenty of “brassicas”—broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts—that thrive during cool, damp days and even taste better when touched by a little frost.

Why Grow Brassicas?

“Many people don’t realize that you can grow these plants,” says Audrey Van Dellen of Roger’s Gardens in Corona del Mar. “People think they’re too complicated to grow, but that isn’t true. They do very well and can produce a great deal. One Brussels sprout plant can bear 100 or more sprouts.”

When and How to Plant

  • Plant now—nurseries are stocking seedlings ready for harvest in 60–80 days.
  • Seeds take about 30 days longer to mature than seedlings.
  • Check nursery plants to ensure they are not root-bound. A few visible roots are fine, but avoid plants with roots growing out of the bottom of the container.

Soil Preparation

  • No need to adjust pH—brassicas prefer 6.0 to 7.5 pH.
  • If soil is hard or clay-like, add compost and planting mix.
  • Use 3–4 cubic feet of planting mix per 100 square feet.
  • Boost nitrogen with organic matter like:
    • Blood meal
    • Aged manure (guinea pig, steer, horse, rabbit, or chicken)
  • High-nitrogen granular or liquid fertilizers also work well.

Tips for Growing Broccoli

  • More heat-tolerant and less likely to bolt than other brassicas.
  • Grows to about 3 feet tall and wide.
  • Harvest main head when it reaches 6 inches in diameter.
  • Side shoots will continue producing for 8–10 weeks.
  • Fertilize when:
    • 6–8 inches tall
    • 12–15 inches tall
    • 2.5–3 feet tall

    Use a 5-10-10 fertilizer.

Tips for Growing Cauliflower

  • More sensitive than broccoli—wait until hot weather passes.
  • Grows to about 2.5 feet tall and wide.
  • Requires fertilizing every 2–3 weeks with 10-10-10 fertilizer.
  • Be cautious when fertilizing—roots are shallow and delicate.
  • Blanching is required for a white head:
    • When the head is quarter-sized, pull outer leaves over it.
    • Secure with a rubber band or twist tie to block sunlight.
    • Harvest in 2–3 weeks when the head reaches 4–6 inches.

Tips for Growing Brussels Sprouts

  • Most challenging of the three—needs cool weather to thrive.
  • Plants grow 2–4 feet tall; sprouts develop from bottom up.
  • Pick when sprouts are about 1 inch in diameter.
  • Harvest from bottom to top for up to 8 weeks.
  • Fertilize at:
    • 6–8 inches tall
    • 12–14 inches tall
    • When sprouts begin forming

    Use a 5-10-10 fertilizer.

Pest Control

Common pests that affect all three plants include:

  • Cutworms: Protect seedlings by placing a bottomless paper cup around the stem and into the soil.
  • Cabbage loopers: From white butterflies; use BT-based products like Dipel or Attack.
  • Aphids: Especially problematic for Brussels sprouts—control with a strong spray of water.

To deter cabbage moths naturally, interplant brassicas with:

  • Onions
  • Garlic
  • Chives
  • Leeks
  • Aromatic herbs like dill, fennel, and anise

Care and Growing Conditions

  • Keep soil consistently moist; mulch with straw to retain moisture and reduce weeds.
  • These plants require 4–6 hours of sun at least five days per week.
  • If space is limited, use large containers like whiskey barrels. Broccoli performs best in containers.

GARDENING : Planting Ahead for Fire Safety

Fire-Resistant Landscaping Tips to Protect Your Home

When a fire strikes your neighborhood, moments count. The longer you can keep the fire away from your home, the better your chances of saving your assets.

One effective way to buy time during a fire is to landscape with fire-retardant plants.

Why Fire-Retardant Plants Matter

“Various plants have high moisture contents, which make them resistant to fire,” says Erik Katzmaier of Katzmaier Newell Kehr, a landscape architectural firm in Corona del Mar. “Sea fig, which is planted along the freeway, is 60% moisture.”

According to Jon Anderson, hazard reduction supervisor for the Orange County Fire Department: “One house had a hillside with a large patch of dwarf coyote bush. While all the other plants burned, the dwarf coyote was just slightly singed. The fire went right up to it and stopped.”

Note: Fire-resistant plants are not completely non-flammable. They require higher heat to ignite and can slow fire spread, giving valuable time to respond.

Common Fire-Resistant Plants

  • Strawberry tree
  • Carob tree
  • Pineapple guava
  • New Zealand Christmas Tree
  • Pomegranate
  • Oak
  • Brazilian Pepper
  • Oleander
  • Cape honeysuckle
  • Dwarf coyote bush
  • Ice plants and other succulents

Fire-Safe Landscaping Requirements

In areas bordering wildlands, fire departments often require builders to use drought-tolerant, fire-retardant plants to form protective greenbelts.

“We haven’t lost any Orange County homes in a brush fire in the last few years, even though we had 297 vegetation fires in 1990,” says Capt. Dan Young of the Fire Department.

Creating Defensible Space

“By taking every precaution possible in your yard, you provide firefighters with defensible space,” says Young. Tips include:

  • Remove or thin fire-prone vegetation
  • Add fire-resistant plants
  • Clean up dead or dying plant debris
  • Irrigate properly to maintain plant moisture

Highly Flammable Plants to Avoid

The following plants contain high oil content and can explode in heat, spreading embers:

  • Eucalyptus
  • Junipers
  • Sumacs
  • Some pines
  • Cedar and cypress
  • Chamise and red shanks
  • California sagebrush
  • Common buckwheat
  • Black sage
  • Hopseed bush
  • Fountain grass

Experts recommend removing these plants from within 50 feet of your home. If you choose to keep them closer, thin them out to prevent the “ladder effect.”

Spacing Guidelines for Fire-Prone Areas

“Fire takes the path of least resistance,” says Anderson. Maintain space between plants equivalent to their height and interplant with fire-retardant varieties.

Examples of Attractive, Low-Growing Fire-Retardant Plants

  • Delosperma alba – white flowers
  • Drosanthemum floribundum – pale pink flowers
  • Lampranthus spectabilis – colorful, highly fire-resistant
  • Cape weed
  • Prostrate coyote bush – drought-tolerant
  • Trailing gazania
  • Myoporum parvifolium – excellent coastal groundcover

Landscaping for Different Lot Sizes

  • Hillside Properties: 20-foot setback from house, followed by 50 feet of fire-retardant plants and 100 feet of spaced, fire-prone plants.
  • Standard Neighborhood Lots: Keep all vegetation at least 10 feet away from structures.
  • Limited Space: Use only fire-retardant plants and water them regularly.

Watering and Irrigation Tips

“Don’t let plants dry out,” says Anderson. “Dry plants are far more likely to burn. Use moisture meters if available from your local water department.”

While sprinklers may help keep landscapes irrigated, don’t rely on them in a fire emergency. Wind, water shutoff, or absence during a fire can render them ineffective.

Prevent Roof Fires

Keep plants away from rooftops. Overhanging vegetation can easily ignite and provide a path for flames.

“A highly flammable plant hanging over a roof or lying against a house is a fire hazard,” says Anderson. “Not having a shake roof isn’t enough protection.”

Maintenance Is Key

Even fire-resistant plants can catch fire if surrounded by dry debris. Regularly clean under trees, shrubs, and ground covers to remove flammable material.

Final Thoughts

“Though there are no guarantees, organizing your landscape can reduce the risk of fire damage,” says Anderson. “You’re dealing with Mother Nature—prepare accordingly.”

For more information on fire-retardant plants, consult “Trees and Shrubs for Dry California Landscapes” by Bob Perry, or contact the Orange County Fire Department at (714) 744-0400.

Native Plants Charm Birds and Butterflies

California Native Plants That Attract Birds and Butterflies

There are a variety of California native plants that are not only drought resistant but also charm many birds and butterflies into visiting a garden.

Plants That Attract Birds

“Many plants attract birds,” says “Green” Gene Sottosanto, a landscaper in Laguna Beach. He highlights several key species:

  • Fennel: The No. 1 bird plant in Southern California. It provides flowers, seeds, and aphids—favorites for many birds.
  • Night-blooming jasmine: Produces white berries that attract mockingbirds.
  • Cotoneaster pannosus: Attracts mockingbirds, robins, thrushes, and purple finches.
  • Privets: Favored by mockingbirds.
  • Magnolia grandiflora: Red fruit attracts red-shafted flickers and red-breasted sapsuckers.
  • Flowering maple: Popular with hummingbirds, orioles, and goldfinches.
  • Strawberry tree: Attracts band-tailed pigeons, thrushes, and mockingbirds.
  • Cape honeysuckle: Loved by hummingbirds.

Plants That Attract Butterflies

If you want to attract butterflies to your garden, consider these California natives and garden-friendly choices:

  • Fennel: Also supports butterfly species in addition to birds.
  • California Lilac: Attracts the Echo Blue and California Tortoiseshell butterflies.
  • Hibiscus: Favored by the Common Hairstreak butterfly.
  • Snapdragons: Draw in the Buckeye butterfly.
  • Baby Tears: A favorite of the Red Admiral butterfly.

Outdoor Rooms : Arbors: They blend with nature in connecting areas of a yard or defining a garden path.

They’ve been providing rustic charm since days of the Roman Empire.

When G.R. (Gep) Durenberger opens his bedroom window, his eyes fall on a vine-covered arbor. “It catches your attention and creates a calming atmosphere in the garden,” says the San Juan Capistrano resident, who maintains two arbors in his backyard.

Rustic Garden Charm from the Past

Used widely during the Roman Empire, arbors contribute a certain charm to any garden. Often covered with flowering vines, these vertical structures provide a shady retreat from the summer sun, creating, in essence, “outdoor rooms.” Other free-standing arbors can be arched and have gates, seating, or swings.

“Arbors are rustic in nature and aren’t built as an addition to a house, but are a part of the outdoor ‘home’,” says Jeffrey Garton, owner of Paradise Designs in Dana Point. “Arbors blend with nature and are sometimes built with natural materials such as tree limbs and branches.”

Functional Beauty

Arbors are often used like doorways to create transitions between garden spaces:

  • Connect different garden areas, such as a courtyard to a rose garden
  • Define walkways or hallways between zones
  • Add an inviting entryway or focal point

Durenberger’s arbors, for example, guide visitors from the parking area to his guest house, creating a scenic pathway.

Choosing Plants for Arbors

According to horticulturist Nick Federoff, the following plants thrive on arbors:

  • Ivy
  • Wisteria
  • Ficus pumila
  • Cape honeysuckle

Arbors vs. Trellises: What’s the Difference?

While similar, trellises differ from arbors in a few key ways:

  • Trellises are often attached to walls or fences
  • Used for growing fruits, vegetables, or flowers
  • Can be used to screen unattractive items like air-conditioning units

Garton notes that trellises are great for small gardens or tight spaces where arbors wouldn’t fit.

Creative Uses for Trellises

Trellises come in many shapes and sizes, including fan-shaped, round, vertical, and horizontal. Gardeners like Marie Bouse use them to support:

  • Fruit trees like kiwi and grapevines
  • Vegetables such as tomatoes, squash, melons, and peas

Benefits include:

  • Vertical space-saving
  • Improved air circulation
  • Increased plant health and reduced pests

Planting Tips for Trellises

Federoff advises caution when using vine-type plants on trellises:

  • They require frequent pruning
  • May outgrow the structure if not regularly maintained

Training and pruning are essential. Use garden stretch ties or clothespins to guide vines, then remove once plants grow in the desired direction.

Pruning Advice

If a vine or branch cannot be redirected:

  • Use hand pruners
  • Cut at a 45-degree angle, 1/4 inch above a bud
  • Ensure the bud faces in the direction you want the plant to grow

Where to Buy Arbors and Trellises

Gardeners can purchase trellises at nurseries and home supply stores. Federoff recommends:

  • Considering plant size before buying a trellis
  • Looking for combo packages where the plant is pre-trained on a trellis

Because of their size, arbors are usually not sold pre-built. Options include:

  • Prefabricated kits (e.g., Kinsman Co. in Point Pleasant, PA)
  • Custom-built designs or mail-order plans from garden magazines

Designing Your Own Structures

Custom-built trellises and arbors allow for creative expression:

  • Design your own patterns
  • Use unique angles for latticework
  • Experiment with natural materials

Wood choice is key. Federoff recommends redwood for durability, noting:

  • Redwood lasts 30–50 years
  • Untreated wood may decay in 3 years

“Study garden books or visit gardens for inspiration, then let your imagination run wild,” says Federoff.

GARDENING : Pest Control Without Pesticides

One Gardener’s Journey to Natural Pest Control

Sharon Whatley likes to know what her family is eating. And it’s not always easy to find out.

“There is no way to tell what is sprayed on vegetables and fruit before they get to the supermarket, and I wanted to have control over that,” said the Tustin resident.

She started a garden in her backyard six years ago to ensure her family ate only naturally grown, chemical-free produce. But then the bugs arrived.

“When I began to get garden pests and went to the nursery for advice, they suggested I use harsh chemical methods, which defeated the whole purpose of having a garden,” she said.

Turning to Organic Gardening

Whatley began searching for alternatives to chemical pest control. She researched and joined the Orange County Organic Gardening Club, learning how to control pests organically.

About the Orange County Organic Gardening Club

  • Offers educational programs, guest speakers, and demonstrations
  • Meets every second Tuesday at Mercury Federal Savings in Tustin
  • Boasts 70 member families
  • Has been active for 25 years

Principles of Organic Pest Control

“Your first line of defense against pests is to have healthy plants,” said Bud Anderson, vice president of the club.

  • Healthy, well-nourished plants resist pests more effectively
  • Avoid planting stressed or yellowing plants, as pests are drawn to yellow
  • Select disease-resistant varieties (e.g., tomato plants labeled “VFN”)
  • Start seeds in containers and transplant mature seedlings
  • Protect young plants with newspaper collars to deter cutworms

Debris Control

Keep garden areas clean and free of debris to avoid attracting pests. Remove yellowing leaves and ailing plants promptly.

Organic Chemical Methods

Insecticidal soaps suffocate aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs without harming beneficial insects.

  • Can be homemade: few drops of dish soap in water
  • Stronger solutions: add garlic, onion juice, and hot pepper
  • Commercial options: brands like Safer are widely available
  • Spray early morning or late afternoon to prevent leaf burn

Natural Pesticides

  • Rotenone: Extract from tropical legumes; effective against beetles and borers
  • Pyrethrum: Made from Chrysanthemum flowers; targets aphids and leafhoppers

Note: Organic sprays break down quickly and must be reapplied often, but they don’t contaminate your food.

Biological Pest Control

“In nature, organisms keep each other in check,” said biology professor Sharron Clark. You can apply this to your garden by using biological controls.

Examples of Biological Controls

  • Diatomaceous Earth: Destroys soil pests by damaging their exoskeletons
  • Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt): Bacterial solution that kills caterpillars and worms
  • Beneficial insects: Introduce ladybugs, praying mantises, lacewings, spiders, and wasps

Barrier Methods

  • Beer traps and salt barriers deter snails and slugs
  • Netting protects crops like broccoli from butterflies

Companion Planting and Garden Layout

  • Marigolds: Repel a wide variety of pests
  • Nasturtiums: Deter aphids and squash bugs
  • Sweet basil: Keeps tomato and cabbage worms away
  • Mint: Repels pests affecting cabbage and tomatoes

Crop Diversity

Avoid monoculture. Interplant different crops to interrupt pest feeding cycles and reduce infestations.

Simple Manual Methods

  • Spray aphids with strong water jets
  • Hand-pick caterpillars, worms, and snails
  • Trap sow bugs under pieces of wood
  • Leave blue sow bugs—they carry a disease that controls the population

Embracing the Balance of Nature

“You’re not insect-proof, you’re insect-deterrent,” said Anderson. “Pests have a role in the ecosystem. Organic gardening helps create a balanced, self-sustaining garden.”

Sharon Whatley’s Success Story

Since switching to organic pest control, Whatley’s garden has thrived. “Five years ago, I constantly battled pests. Today, my garden is healthy, and I enjoy chemical-free produce,” she said.

Poisonous Plants Abound in House, Yard

Deadly Plants: A Warning for Pet Owners

The most common call veterinarians receive involves lilies, which can cause acute renal failure in cats.
“I advise cat owners to not have lilies in the house or yard because one bite is all it takes and the symptoms are gradual,”
said one veterinarian. “We usually don’t get the call until three days later, at which point the cat is in kidney failure.”

Veterinary Insights

Orange Veterinarian Jeff Horner of Orange Veterinary Hospital has seen death caused by oleander and
‘Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow’ (Brunfelsia).

What to Do If You Suspect Poisoning

If you suspect your pet has ingested a poisonous plant, bring both your pet and the plant to the veterinarian.
“Although we’re not botanists, seeing the plant can sometimes help us make an accurate diagnosis,” Horner said.

Helpful Resources

  • California Poison Control System (San Diego Division): (800) 876-4766
    www.calpoison.org
  • ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: (888) 426-4435 or (800) 548-2423 (fees may apply)
    www.napcc.aspca.org

Plants to Watch Out For

Highly Toxic Plants

Some plants have foliage, flowers, or fruit that can be deadly when eaten.
For a full list of toxic plants, call the Orange Veterinary Hospital at (714) 978-6260 or visit
the ASPCA Poison Control website.

  • Angel’s trumpet (Brugmansia)
  • Azalea
  • Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens)
  • Castor bean (Ricinus communis)
  • Cestrum spp.
  • Daphne
  • Delphinium
  • Echium vulgare
  • Foxglove
  • Heliotrope
  • Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)
  • Larkspur
  • Lily-of-the-valley
  • Lobelia
  • Lupine
  • Meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale)
  • Morning glory (seeds)
  • Myoporum
  • Nicotiana spp.
  • Oleander
  • Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)
  • Pregnant onion (Ornithogalum)
  • Scilla
  • Sweet pea
  • Yew (Taxus spp.)

Less Toxic Plants

These plants may cause symptoms like rashes, swelling, vomiting, or diarrhea. Some may cause serious poisoning if eaten in large quantities.

  • Agave species
  • Amaryllis
  • Anemone
  • Anthurium
  • Arrowhead plant (Syngonium podophyllum)
  • Birch tree (Betula species)
  • Bird of paradise (Caesalpinia gilliesii)
  • Boston ivy
  • Caladium
  • Calla lily
  • Camphor tree
  • Carnation
  • Clematis
  • Columbine
  • Cotoneaster
  • Croton
  • Cyclamen
  • Daffodil
  • Dieffenbachia
  • Elephant’s ear (Alocasia/Colocasia)
  • English ivy (Hedera spp.)
  • Eucalyptus
  • Euonymus
  • Euphorbia species
  • Four o’clock (Mirabilis jalapa)
  • Gladiolus
  • Holly (berries)
  • Hyacinth
  • Hydrangea
  • Iris
  • Jatropha
  • Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum)
  • Kaffir lily (Clivia spp.)
  • Love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena)
  • Ming aralia (Polyscias spp.)
  • Mistletoe
  • Mum
  • Narcissus
  • Peace lily (Spathiphyllum)
  • Philodendron
  • Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
  • Poppy
  • Potato (green parts)
  • Pothos (Epipremnum aureum)
  • Primrose
  • Privet (Ligustrum)
  • Pyracantha spp.
  • Rhubarb (leaves)
  • Rubber plant (Ficus spp.)
  • Sago palm
  • Sansevieria
  • Schefflera
  • Snowflake (Leucojum spp.)
  • Tobacco
  • Tomato vines
  • Tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)
  • Tulip
  • Umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius)
  • Wisteria (seeds)
  • Yarrow